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working principle

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Select the phase angle to see how magnetic field changes. Hover on sinusoidal diagrams to control the position.
With relative phase of 90°, the field obtained by the sum of the two pulsating fields is circular. For other values it becomes elliptical.
Shifting the phase angle by 180° reverses the sense of rotation. This is achieved in practice on motors by inverting the electrical connection of one of the two coils.
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